Caffeine and the biological role of adenosine receptors

نویسنده

  • BERTIL B. FREDHOLM
چکیده

Hace aproximadamente 30 años se descubrió que la cafeína, la más empleada de todas las substancias psico-estimulantes, es capaz de antagonizar los efectos de la adenosina a concentraciones que se alcanzan durante el consumo normal de café y otros alimentos ó bebidas. Este descubrimiento tiene varias consecuencias importantes: 1) existen receptores para los cuales la adenosina es el agonista y la cafeína el antagonista; 2) Ya que el antagonista es biológicamente activo, los receptores deben de estar activados por la adenosina endógena. Esta breve visión de conjunto, la cual refleja el contenido del Discurso de Entrada en la Real Academia de Farmacia del Profesor B. Fredholm, presentará los datos que avalan las conclusiones previamente enunciadas. El metabolismo de la adenosina y sus niveles en condiciones normales y fisiopatológicas es conocido con detalle. Actualmente han sido clonados y caracterizado farmacologicamente cuatro receptores de adenosina. Todos ellos están acoplados a proteínas G y tienen cascadas de señalización y distribuciones diversas en el organismo. Es probable que los efectos biológicos de la cafeína se realicen mayoritariamente a través de receptores A1 y A2A. Los datos obtenidos con ratones genéticamente modificados, anulando estos genes confirma su función biológica. Palabras clave: Cafeína.— Enfermedad de Parkinson.— Factores CREB.— Nucleo estriado— Neuronas GABAergicas.— Proteinas G.— Receptores de adenosina.— Receptores de dopamina.

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تاریخ انتشار 2003